This report presents the findings of HRSS’s observation of the 13th National Parliamentary Election and Referendum held on 12 February 2026. Using a systematic 1-in-3 sampling strategy across all 300 constituencies, the observation ensured statistically meaningful national representation. A total of 572 trained observers were deployed across 64 districts, covering 1,733 polling stations in 100 parliamentary constituencies.

Observers monitored polling station suitability, management practices, law and order conditions, adherence to procedures, the conduct of polling officials, and the overall electoral environment, including the role of law enforcement. Observation teams were present prior to the opening of polls at 6:30 AM and remained through the counting process, concluding at approximately 8:30 PM. Access to polling centers was granted in 98.96% of cases, reflecting broad institutional acceptance of accredited observers. Reported access restrictions (1.04%) were limited in scope.

The overall polling day environment was assessed as comparatively peaceful and orderly. Voting commenced on time in most locations, and polling officials were generally present and cooperative. A strong majority of polling centers (91.91%) were assessed as administratively neutral, contributing to public confidence and a visibly calm atmosphere. At the same time, the observers documented areas requiring attention. Approximately 9.36% of observers reported restricted mobility during the counting phase, indicating procedural transparency friction. Additionally, 21 polling stations nationwide reported alleged irregularities, including polling station capture, ballot paper and sealing deficiencies, pre-signed ballots, observer obstruction, and failure to publicly display results.

Overall, the findings reflect an operationally accessible and largely orderly election day, while underscoring the importance of continued reforms to strengthen transparency, safeguard observer access, and reinforce public trust in the electoral process.